Basic principles observed and reported
TRL 1
A technology’s basic properties is explored. Basic principles observed and reported. Scientific research begins to be translated into applied research and development (R&D). An example includes paper studies of a technology's basic properties.
Invention begins. Once basic principles are observed, practical applications can be invented or identified. Applications are speculative, and there may be no proof or detailed analysis to support the assumptions. Examples are limited to analytic studies and publications, or other references that outline the application being considered and that provide analysis to support the concept.
Technology concept and/or application formulated
TRL 2
TRL 3
Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept
Active R&D is initiated. Components are not yet integrated or representative. Examples include analytical studies to set the technology into an appropriate context and laboratory studies to physically validate that the analytical predictions of separate elements of the technology are correct.
TRL 4
Component validation in laboratory environment
Basic technological components are integrated to establish that they will work together. Activities are devised to support the concept that was formulated earlier and should also be consistent with the requirements of potential system applications. This is relatively "low fidelity" compared with the eventual system. Example includes integration of "ad hoc" hardware in the laboratory.
TRL 5
Component validation in relevant environment
Fidelity of technology significantly increases. The basic technological components are integrated with reasonably realistic supporting elements so that the total applications (component-level, sub-system level, or system-level) can be tested in a 'simulated' or somewhat realistic environment. An example includes laboratory integration of components.
TRL 6
System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment
Representative model or prototype system, beyond TRL 5, is tested in a relevant environment. Represents a major step-up in a technology's demonstrated readiness. Examples include testing a prototype in a high-fidelity laboratory environment or in a simulated operational environment.
TRL 7
System prototype demonstration in an operational environment
Prototype is near or at planned operational system. Represents a significant step-up from TRL 6 by requiring demonstration of an actual system prototype in an operational environment (e.g., in an aircraft, in a vehicle, or in a facility). An example includes prototype field testing.
TRL 8
Actual technology/system completed and qualified through test and demonstration
Technology has been proven to work in its final form and under expected conditions. In almost all cases, this TRL represents the end of true system development. An example includes developmental test and evaluation of the system in its intended system to determine if it meets design specifications.
TRL 9
Actual technology/system proven through successful operations
Actual application of the technology in its final form and under real-life conditions, such as those encountered in operational tests and evaluations. Examples include using the innovation under operational conditions, or in a competitive manufacturing environment.
What is Technology Readiness Levels (TRL)?
Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) is an internationally recognized scale used to describe where a new technology is in the research and development process. There are nine technology readiness levels ranging from 1 to 9, with 9 being ready for commercialization. Alberta Catalyzer uses TRL to identify, track and assess growth of each startup.
Fun Fact: NASA originally developed the TRL scale and continues to use TRLs to manage complex projects, including rover development for Mars missions! Learn more.